what is UNIX ?
http://www.apl.jhu.edu/Misc/Unix-info/workshop/whatis.html
Thursday, June 19, 2008
Boot strap and Loader
Boot Strap
A bootstrap is a small strap or loop at the back of a leather boot that enables you to pull the entire boot on. In computers, to bootstrap (or "to boot") is to load a program into a computer using a much smaller initial program to load in the desired program (which is usually an operating system). In general usage, bootstrapping is the leveraging of a small initial effort into something larger and more significant. There is also a common expression, "pulling yourself up by your own bootstraps," meaning to leverage yourself to success from a small beginning
Boot Loader
A boot loader, also called a boot manager, is a small program that places the operating system (OS) of a computer into memory. When a computer is powered-up or restarted, the basic input/output system (BIOS) performs some initial tests, and then transfers control to the Master Boot Record (MBR) where the boot loader resides. Most new computers are shipped with boot loaders for some version of Microsoft Windows or the Mac OS. If a computer is to be used with Linux, a special boot loader must be installed.
A bootstrap is a small strap or loop at the back of a leather boot that enables you to pull the entire boot on. In computers, to bootstrap (or "to boot") is to load a program into a computer using a much smaller initial program to load in the desired program (which is usually an operating system). In general usage, bootstrapping is the leveraging of a small initial effort into something larger and more significant. There is also a common expression, "pulling yourself up by your own bootstraps," meaning to leverage yourself to success from a small beginning
Boot Loader
A boot loader, also called a boot manager, is a small program that places the operating system (OS) of a computer into memory. When a computer is powered-up or restarted, the basic input/output system (BIOS) performs some initial tests, and then transfers control to the Master Boot Record (MBR) where the boot loader resides. Most new computers are shipped with boot loaders for some version of Microsoft Windows or the Mac OS. If a computer is to be used with Linux, a special boot loader must be installed.
Bootstrap loader
Also known as bootstrapping or boot loader, a bootstrap loader is a program that resides in the computers EPROM, ROM, or other non-volatile memory that automatically executed by the processor when the computer is turned on. The bootstrap loader reads the hard disk drives boot sector to continue the process of loading the computers Operating System.
BSD derivative
What is BSD?
BSD stands for “Berkeley Software Distribution”. It is the name of distributions of source code from the University of California, Berkeley, which were originally extensions to AT&T's Research UNIX operating system. Several open source operating system projects are based on a release of this source code known as 4.4BSD-Lite. In addition, they comprise a number of packages from other Open Source projects, including notably the GNU project. The overall operating system comprises:
The BSD kernel, which handles process scheduling, memory management, symmetric multi-processing (SMP), device drivers, etc.
Unlike the Linux kernel, there are several different BSD kernels with differing capabilities.
The C library, the base API for the system.
The BSD C library is based on code from Berkeley, not the GNU project.
Utilities such as shells, file utilities, compilers and linkers.
Some of the utilities are derived from the GNU project, others are not.
The X Window system, which handles graphical display
The X Window system used in most versions of BSD is maintained by a separate project, the XFree86 project. This is the same code as Linux uses. BSD does not normally specify a “graphical desktop” such as GNOME or KDE, though these are available.
Many other programs and utilities
BSD stands for “Berkeley Software Distribution”. It is the name of distributions of source code from the University of California, Berkeley, which were originally extensions to AT&T's Research UNIX operating system. Several open source operating system projects are based on a release of this source code known as 4.4BSD-Lite. In addition, they comprise a number of packages from other Open Source projects, including notably the GNU project. The overall operating system comprises:
The BSD kernel, which handles process scheduling, memory management, symmetric multi-processing (SMP), device drivers, etc.
Unlike the Linux kernel, there are several different BSD kernels with differing capabilities.
The C library, the base API for the system.
The BSD C library is based on code from Berkeley, not the GNU project.
Utilities such as shells, file utilities, compilers and linkers.
Some of the utilities are derived from the GNU project, others are not.
The X Window system, which handles graphical display
The X Window system used in most versions of BSD is maintained by a separate project, the XFree86 project. This is the same code as Linux uses. BSD does not normally specify a “graphical desktop” such as GNOME or KDE, though these are available.
Many other programs and utilities
WINDOWS 3.11
Windows 3.0 came onto the market in May 1990. It is a 16-bit operating system that needs for funciton a preinstalled DOS like MS DOS and supports now the computer mouse as an input device. Unlike DOS the user could apparently work with several applications in the cooperative multitasking proceedings at the same time now. It has a GDI (Graphics Display Interface), an API (Application Program Interface) for programmer and supports DDE (Dynamic Data Exchange) as well as OLE (Object Linking and Embedding). Next after Windows 3.10 was the last version published with Windows 3.11 for Workgroups (WfW). WfW extended Windows by network abilities for use as a client in an network. WFW could combine and show up to 25 computers in a working group. The Windows 3.x programs are compatible to each other Windows 3.x version. DOS drivers remains resistant after the Windows start. The system can be specified over the following configuration files: WIN.INI, SYSTEM.INI and PROGMAN.INI, the Registry has no great importance and only a minor meaning.
Area of application
- private users
- Office use
- network client
Structure information
- cooperative multitasking
- 32-bit adressing in protected mode (with 386 CPU or better)
- 16-bit operating system
- File size up to 2 gbyte
- File system is FAT16
Features
- high compatibility to DOS
- low ressource requiered
- difficult network configuration
- limited security
Area of application
- private users
- Office use
- network client
Structure information
- cooperative multitasking
- 32-bit adressing in protected mode (with 386 CPU or better)
- 16-bit operating system
- File size up to 2 gbyte
- File system is FAT16
Features
- high compatibility to DOS
- low ressource requiered
- difficult network configuration
- limited security
Definition of Operating System
Wikipedia: operating system
An operating system (OS) is the software that manages the sharing of the resources of a computer. An operating system processes system data and user input, and responds by allocating and managing tasks and internal system resources as a service to users and programs of the system. At the foundation of all system software, an operating system performs basic tasks such as controlling and allocating memory, prioritizing system requests, controlling input and output devices, facilitating networking and managing file systems. Most operating systems come with an application that provides a user interface for managing the operating system, such as a command line interpreter or graphical user interface. The operating system forms a platform for other system software and for application software. Linux and Mac OS (or any other BSD-derivative) are popular UNIX-like operating systems.
An operating system (OS) is the software that manages the sharing of the resources of a computer. An operating system processes system data and user input, and responds by allocating and managing tasks and internal system resources as a service to users and programs of the system. At the foundation of all system software, an operating system performs basic tasks such as controlling and allocating memory, prioritizing system requests, controlling input and output devices, facilitating networking and managing file systems. Most operating systems come with an application that provides a user interface for managing the operating system, such as a command line interpreter or graphical user interface. The operating system forms a platform for other system software and for application software. Linux and Mac OS (or any other BSD-derivative) are popular UNIX-like operating systems.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)